VITAMIN A PALMITATE - known as a skin “normalizer”. It acts as an antikeratinizing agent, helping the skin stay
soft and plump, and improving its water- barrier properties. It also an antioxidant. It is useful against dryness, heat,
and pollution. Clinical studies with vitamin A palmitate indicate a significant change in skin composition, with
increase in collagen, DNA, skin thickness, and elasticity.

VITAMIN C - a well-known antioxidant. It also appears to be significantly effective at protecting against UVA
damage. Current studies indicate possible antiflammatory properties as well.

VITAMIN D - acts as a keratinization regulator, helping to improve skin feel and firmness with repeated use. Studies
are indicating that vitamin D is an important factor in epidermal cell turnover.

VITAMIN E (D-alpha-tocopherol; DL-alpha-tocopherol; tocopherol)- considered the most important oil-soluble
antioxidant and free- radical scavenger. In addition, vitamin E serves a preservative function due to its ability to
protect against oxidation. As a moisturizer, vitamin E is well absorbed through the skin, demonstrating a strong
affinity with small blood vessels. It is also considered to improve the skin’s water- binding ability. This vitamin is
also believed to help maintain connective tissue. Many studies show that vitamin E topically applied prior to UV
irradiation is protective against epidermal cell damage due caused by inflammation. Tocopherol is a naturally
occurring vitamin E found in a variety of cereal germ oils including wheat germ oil.

VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS- Bilberry, otherwise known as European Blueberry. It is a rich source of antioxidants. Also
strengthens blood vessels, and prevents its fragility.

VITAMIN B5- Acts as penetrating moisturizer. Panthenol appears to stimulate cellular proliferation and aid in tissue
repair. It imparts a nonirritant, nonsensitizing, moisturizing, and conditioning feel and promotes normal
keratinization and wound-healing. Panthenol protects the skin against sunburn, provides relieve for existing sunburn.

VITAMIN F- used in the treatment and care of dry skin.
VITIS VINIFERA- See Grape Seed Oil/ Extract.

VITIS VINIFERA (Grape) JUICE/ JUICE EXTRACT - the liquid expressed from fresh
grapes. It is described as tonic, with antiflamatory and decongestant properties. It
may act as an antioxidant. Grape can also reduce redness. All of these traits make it
particularly beneficial in antiaging, after-sun, and other suncare products. Grape’s
main constituent is high proportion of berberin, with oxycanthin also present. Grapes
contain vitamin C, chlorophyll, and enzymes.

VITAMIN A - can act as keratinization regulator, helping to improve the skin’s
texture, firmness, and smoothness. Vitamin A esters, once in the skin, convert to
retinoic acid and provide atiaging benefits. Vitamin A is believed to be essential for
generation and function of skin cells. Surface application of vitamin A help prevent
skin dryness and scaliness, keeping the skin healthy, clear, and infection resistant.
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