VITIS VINIFERA (Grape) JUICE/ JUICE EXTRACT - the liquid expressed from fresh grapes. It is
described as tonic, with antiflamatory and decongestant properties. It may act as an antioxidant. Grape
can also reduce redness. All of these traits make it particularly beneficial in antiaging, after-sun, and
other suncare products. Grape’s main constituent is high proportion of berberin, with oxycanthin also
present. Grapes contain vitamin C, chlorophyll, and enzymes.

VITAMIN A - can act as keratinization regulator, helping to improve the skin’s texture, firmness, and
smoothness. Vitamin A esters, once in the skin, convert to retinoic acid and provide atiaging benefits.
Vitamin A is believed to be essential for generation and function of skin cells. Surface application of
vitamin A help prevent skin dryness and scaliness, keeping the skin healthy, clear, and infection
resistant.

VITAMIN A PALMITATE - known as a skin “normalizer”. It acts as an antikeratinizing agent, helping the
skin stay soft and plump, and improving its water- barrier properties. It also an antioxidant. It is useful
against dryness, heat, and pollution. Clinical studies with vitamin A palmitate indicate a significant
change in skin composition, with increase in collagen, DNA, skin thickness, and elasticity.

VITAMIN C - a well-known antioxidant. It also appears to be significantly effective at protecting against
UVA damage. Current studies indicate possible antiflammatory properties as well.

VITAMIN D - acts as a keratinization regulator, helping to improve skin feel and firmness with repeated
use. Studies are indicating that vitamin D is an important factor in epidermal cell turnover.

VITAMIN E (D-alpha-tocopherol; DL-alpha-tocopherol; tocopherol)- considered the most important oil-
soluble antioxidant and free- radical scavenger. In addition, vitamin E serves a preservative function
due to its ability to protect against oxidation. As a moisturizer, vitamin E is well absorbed through the
skin, demonstrating a strong affinity with small blood vessels. It is also considered to improve the skin’s
water- binding ability. This vitamin is also believed to help maintain connective tissue. Many studies
show that vitamin E topically applied prior to UV irradiation is protective against epidermal cell damage
due caused by inflammation. Tocopherol is a naturally occurring vitamin E found in a variety of cereal
germ oils including wheat germ oil.

VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS- Bilberry, otherwise known as European Blueberry. It is a rich source of
antioxidants. Also strengthens blood vessels, and prevents its fragility.

VITAMIN B5- Acts as penetrating moisturizer. Panthenol appears to stimulate cellular proliferation and
aid in tissue repair. It imparts a nonirritant, nonsensitizing, moisturizing, and conditioning feel and
promotes normal keratinization and wound-healing. Panthenol protects the skin against sunburn,
provides relieve for existing sunburn.

VITAMIN F- used in the treatment and care of dry skin.

VITIS VINIFERA - (Grapeseed Extract/ Oil) considered a counterirritant with soothing and antibacterial
properties. Used in extract form, it is described as tonic, with anti- inflammatory and decongestant
properties. It may act as an antioxidant. Grape can also reduce redness. All of these traits make it
particularly beneficial in anti aging, after sun, and other sun care products. Grape’s main constituent is
a high proportion of berberin with oxycanthin also present. More about
Grapeseed Extract/Oil
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